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Species: Mandrill

Use: General Behavior

Authors: Dr. Tammie Bettinger, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo.

Methods: N/A

Publications/Presentations: N/A

Behaviors

Aggressive contact (AC): Includes hit, bite, grab (making physical contact).

Arm threat (AT): Extending forearm at another individual.

Approach (AP): Focal deliberately walks toward another individual.

Avoid (AV): One animal walks or runs away from an approaching group member.

Carry infant (CA): Walking or sitting while supporting an immature group member.

Chase (CH): Only in the aggressive context. When one animal lunges toward another animal, actively pursuing.

Copulate (CP): A male mounts and thrusts a female.

Examine/explore object (EX): Focal examines or manipulates object.

Forage (FO): Focal is consuming food or actively searching for food.

Groom (GR): Picking through hair or at skin, removing debris with hand or mouth. Includes grooming self, grooming other, receive groom and mutual groom.

Greet (GT): Includes Òfigure 8Ó face, smile.

Head bob (HB): Aggressive context. When an animal is making abrupt up and down motions with itÕs head at another group member.

Head crest (HC): The hair at the sagital crest is erect and may occur when an animal approaches another during greeting or when one animal is watching another.

Idle (ID): Not exhibiting active behavior. Includes sit, lay, stand or staring into space.

Inspect (IN): Individual sniffs or probes genitalia of another individual.

Mount, non-copulatory (MNT): One animal mounts another but thrusting does not occur.

Other (OT): Use this category for common behaviors not listed in ethogram such as scratch and drink.

Play (PL): Includes social and lone play. Play may be gymnastics, wrestle, chase, etc.

Present for copulation (PRC): Animal may crouch with genitalia directed towards another or merely approach and orient genitalia in anotherÕs line of vision.

Present non-copulatory (PRNC): Submissive behavior. Animal crouches with genitalia directed towards another or merely approach and orient genitalia in anotherÕs line of vision.

Touch/embrace (TE): Non-aggressive contact deliberately made.

Travel (TR): walking from one area to another area.

Watch (WA): One individual is actively watching another group member (stare, in the face).

Yawn (YN): Display of canines from one animal to another in an open mouth gesture.