home / ethogram menu /apes /

Species: Gorilla

Use: N/A

Authors: K. Gold

Methods: Sampling

Publications/Presentations: N/A

Behaviors

Approach: Focal animal moves toward another (or another toward focal) to within proximity.

Withdraw: One animal retreats from another in a non-passive fashion. Must be the result of an approach.

Leave by other: An animal leaves the proximity of another, but not as a result of an approach.

Touch: Physical contact with non-focal animal other than in categories below.

Lift/hold: Weight support contact.

Carry: Infant is transported by another animal.

Ventro-ventral contact: InfantÕs ventrum in contact with otherÕs.

Dorso-ventral contact: InfantÕs ventrum in contact with otherÕs back, shoulders, or back of neck.

Proximate: Within armÕs reach of another (arm length of larger animal).

Near: Out of armÕs reach of another, but within fifteen feet.

Social play: Physical play with a partner including Òrough and tumbleÓ play such as tickling, wrestling, chasing.

Genital inspect: Close observation, touching, sniffing or manipulation of genital area of self or other.

Sexual behavior: Mounting, pelvic thrusting, mock copulation, with a partner or inanimate object.

Nipple contact: InfantÕs mouth on nipple, with or without actual suckling visible.

Environmental exploration: Investigation such as touching, sniffing, close visual inspection of parts of exhibit, habitat or cage other than gorillas or loose objects, toys. Does not include aimless oral or manual activities.

Object contact: Contact with toys or any loose object.

Mouthing: Using tongue, lips, teeth to explore environment, objects or animals. May include biting, chewing, food or non-food. May be during a play bout.

Solitary play: Active physical motions such as in play, but without a partner. Includes rolling, sliding, swinging, spinning, etc.

Self-directed behavior: Self clasp, self-groom, self suck, scratching, rubbing, etc.

Play face: Open mouthed, slack lipped ÒsmileÓ exposing teeth. May be accompanied by head shake, patting, mouthing or play biting.

Locomotion: Continuous horizontal or vertical movement of at least one body length during trial.

Rest: In an inactive state for five seconds or more.

Vocalization:
ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊBelch

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊCough/grunt

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊGrowl

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊHoot

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊBark

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊScream

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊWhine/whinny

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊPantÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ

Display:

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Chest beat

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Throwing

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Slapping/tearing

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Whipping

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Thumping/slamming

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Strut walk

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Threat face.

Out of sight: Observer is unable to see focal animal.

Contact with human: Any contact with a person. Must be initiated by focal animal in order to be scored.